Although the Civil War ended on April 9, 1865 (when Gen. Robert E. Lee surrendered at Appomattox Court House, Virginia), news of the victory of the Union (the north) over the Confederacy (the south), and the enforcement of the liberation of all slaves did not reach the outlying areas of the USA for months (there was neither radio nor TV, but many cities had telegraph lines; news to outlying areas was spread on horseback, by boat, or via a few railroads). Some of the last of the slaves to be freed were in Galveston, Texas; they were freed on June 19, 1865, when General Gordon Granger and 2,000 Union troops arrived at Galveston, enforcing the Emancipation Proclamation (which had been issued by Abraham Lincoln on September 22, 1862), freeing the remaining slaves.